转发|2021中国管理哲学(南昌)宣言
改革开放至今,中国的管理科学研究取得了长足进步,但由于忽视管理哲学和中国管理哲学,从研究选题、研究范式到研究方法,大多跟在西方文献后面亦步亦趋。与此同时,西方管理学术在当前也已走入唯科学、唯实证、理论脱离实践等误区,自身发展面临严重困境,大量的研究成果因为内容晦涩、结论空洞,无法指导甚至无法解释实践。因此,管理科学需要管理哲学给予支持、补充与完善;中国本土管理研究不可能回避中国文化与中国管理哲学;建立管理学中国学派,构建体现中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的中国特色管理学更不可能离开中国管理哲学。
为表明以上观点、表达学术界对当下管理研究的反思、呼吁中国管理哲学研究、开辟通往中国特色管理学的道路,起草本宣言。本宣言于2021年10月31日在江西财经大学工商管理学院承办的第二十五届世界管理论坛暨东方管理论坛年会上通过并正式发布。
2021中国管理哲学(南昌)宣言
任何真正的哲学都是时代精神的菁华,它是对人类终极问题关切而形成的思想和理论体系。与科学不同,哲学探究最原始的概念,探究经验中一些根本的问题,它的研究对象是目的、基础、根源、过程、标准、价值等范畴,因此,管理哲学就是要回答管理的根本目的、根本价值、根本过程、根本标准。管理科学最根本的问题实际上也是哲学问题——只是很多情况下,我们并未追问到这一根本层次上。
中国人所说的“管理”和西方的“management”并不一定是完全对等的。19世纪后期,由于中西两种文化的交流,很多西方名词进入中国,但我们属于接受者,所以很多时候我们需要考虑怎样表达西方人的意思,基本上是以西方为主来寻求配合,而丧失自己本身语言的主体性。在翻译过程中,话语权事实上是以西方为主导,中方为服从。若去问西方管理学家,中国人怎么说管理,他们是不知道的。但他们就已经假设中国人要说的应该就是他们的management,事实却不然。这就是为什么要建立中国管理哲学的原因,为的是要彰显在我们自己的经验中澄清与建立管理的概念。这个概念在没翻译之前,本身就有它内在的意义以及可以使用的范围,但是我们用“管理”一词翻译了management一词之后,由于我们在翻译当中丧失了主体性,我们就以西方的概念为主,原来的管理一词也就变成了一个西方概念。
从实践的角度看,中国管理哲学是关于中国管理实践的哲学体系,它根植于中华优秀传统文化及中国当代管理实践的沃土。在这中华民族伟大复兴的历史时期,中国需要推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,而人类正面临着生态恶化、灾害频发、病毒肆虐、物种灭绝等严峻挑战,国际社会的信任与协作出现严重危机,加强全球治理迫在眉睫,世界需要中国方案。习近平总书记在2016年哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的重要讲话中指出:“中国古代大量鸿篇巨制中包含着丰富的哲学社会科学内容、治国理政智慧,为古人认识世界、改造世界提供了重要依据,也为中华文明提供了重要内容,为人类文明作出了重大贡献”。中国与世界的管理实践都在关注是否能够以及应该如何建立有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的管理哲学思想体系、学科体系、学术体系和话语体系。
本《宣言》传承历史、把握当代,立足中国、借鉴国外,关怀人类、面向未来,旨在推动中国管理哲学的繁荣与发展,夯实中国管理哲学研究的学术基础,完善中国管理学术体系,提高中国管理学界理论自信;弘扬中华民族向来勇于与域外文明互鉴、互通、互融的含弘光大之天性,跨越中西畛域,破除学科偏见,反思当前管理学术研究的现状,“不以人蔽己,不以己自蔽”,促进构建多元、包容、创新和可持续的学术生态;探索在中国管理哲学指导下的管理研究范式,推动管理理论与实践的良性互动与共同提升,同时也通过这种探索为中国哲学在新时代的发展提供新的素材,为人类和平、和谐、和美的可持续发展做出中国的贡献。
第一部分 对管理学术研究的反思
改革开放至今,中国的管理科学研究取得了长足进步,但由于忽视管理哲学和中国管理哲学的指引,从研究选题、研究范式到研究方法,大多跟在西方文献后面亦步亦趋。
现实中,为了使管理能更好地展开,提升管理的全面价值性与行动有效性,人们产生了对管理研究的需要。一个好的理论不仅需要很好地解释各种现象,还要能够预测现实的发展,指引现实管理的发展方向。目前,中国已经出现了世界级的企业,却没有世界级的管理理论。中国在改革开放之后的企业管理实践中,已经积累了大量的经验,但一直缺乏哲学层面的总结和提炼。现实中的管理学研究也更多是使用西方主流的科学管理范式所从事的解释性研究。与此同时,西方管理学术在当前也已走入唯科学、唯实证、理论脱离实践等误区,自身发展也面临严重困境,大量的研究成果因为内容晦涩、结论空洞、无法指导甚至无法解释实践。我们认为这种现状必须改变,必须对我们的管理学术研究进行反思。
究其原因,相当多的管理研究者已经默认和习惯了基于实证科学范式的研究方法,极少探索其背后的方法论、认识论、本体论等管理哲学问题,有意无意地忽视了与管理现实密切相关的文化理念和哲学思想,也有意无意地将较为抽象、难以量化的观念和复杂的行为排除在管理科学研究之外,使管理学研究日益碎片化和表面化。管理学亟需建构基础理论,亟需整合丛林化的、相互关联性较差的中层理论,管理科学需要管理哲学给予支持、补充与完善。与管理学相近的社会学学者早就注意到,实证的社会科学中有大量研究假设源自社会哲学的宏大理论,如很多命题就来自于“社会功能论”“社会冲突论”或“符号互动论”。因此,管理科学研究的发展和进步离不开管理哲学的指导,一门与管理科学有着紧密联系又相对独立的管理哲学,既有存在的历史性,更有存在的现实必要性。
哲学是对人类思想的审视。人类的灵性就体现在将自己的思想和自身作为审视对象的能力。苏格拉底曾经说过,没有经过审视的人生是不值得过的。从人类思想与科学的演变历史来看,哲学一直是科学之母。即使是在科学独立之后,哲学也一直发挥着为科学指引思想、价值和战略方向的作用。人类的任何活动都是由价值理性确定方向,由工具理性来完成的活动。在西方商业文化为基础的管理科学传入中国之后,工具理性泛滥,价值理性降低。这也直接影响到了中国学术界对管理的理解、研究与发展。在管理实践迅猛发展的时代背景下,已经有越来越多的管理研究者意识到,人、组织与环境的关系成为管理实践中的普遍性问题与核心关切,组织的发展越来越与人的心智、情感、涵养等精神性要素相关,组织中的物质性内容越来越需要丰富的精神性内容来支撑。此时,管理哲学对深刻理解和界定研究问题、正确选择研究方法、科学设计研究方案及构建能够有效解释实践和指导实践的管理理论都具有重大意义,管理哲学长期被忽视的局面不能再继续下去了。
为解决当前中国管理研究面临的诸多问题,已有许多学者在积极寻求突破和改进,如强调直面中国管理实践、开展更多定性研究,扎根理论、案例研究和田野研究等方法受到追捧,定性比较分析(QCA)工具成为热点,但目前大部分探索仍在学习和借用西方学者开发出的工具和方法,对深层的方法论、认识论和本体论研究不足,与研究成果评价相关的理论方法缺位,导致出现大量低水平研究,难以产生原创性的重大理论创新。
我们认为,管理对象中最具能动性的是人,对人的管理是管理活动的核心和关键,事在人为,所有对事、物的管理都不可能离开对人的管理,都受到对人的管理水平的影响和支配。而作为管理主体与客体的人又不可避免地受到其文化情境的影响,因而任何管理实践都无法脱离其人文和社会背景。同时,管理实践尤其是对人的管理绝不是价值无涉的,管理科学定位于“科学与实证”,缺少关于价值判断的基本理论,管理学教育和评价体系中也缺乏价值评判的系统方法。因此,学习借鉴中国管理哲学中的相关原理和方法,将能够弥补这一重要缺失。
中国是四大文明古国之一。14世纪之后,西方经过文艺复兴、地理大发现、宗教改革、科学革命、启蒙运动、政治革命和工业革命等一系列变革,出现了全新的现代文明。为反抗外来侵略、回应现代工业文明的巨大挑战,中华民族艰苦备尝,走过自强运动、维新新政、辛亥革命的漫漫长路。五四以后,中华民族又开始了吸收西方近现代文明的伟大尝试,中华民族迎来了走向伟大复兴的新时代。中国文化海纳百川、多元一体的特点,使得中国管理哲学天然带有兼容并包的学术品格,能够对人类社会面临的重大问题给出更具包容性的解决方案,因此,无论对于中国还是世界,中国管理哲学的建立、繁荣和发展都具有重大的时代意义和历史意义。
第二部分 中国管理哲学的使命
中国管理哲学的使命是:以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为基本指导思想,以中国优秀传统文化为基本资源,对中国管理研究的理论基础和现状进行系统反思;推动当代中国管理学界的四个自信建设;加强对管理研究与实践的价值引领;力图通过整体论的哲学思考解决长期以来困扰管理学界的“理论与实践脱节问题”;建立管理学的中国学派;加快构建中国特色管理学体系;最终为推动世界管理研究的创新发展,解决世界管理难题,贡献中国方案。
在东亚广袤大地上生生不息的中华民族,创造了世界上以丰富灿烂著称的中华文化。深厚博大的中华文化,哺育了源远流长的中华民族。中国管理哲学来源于中华文明的历史创造和中国现代化发展所取得的伟大成就,是中国哲学关于人类终极问题的追问在管理思想与实践中的体现,亦包含对社会存在与发展的价值思考和对人生价值的启迪。中国管理哲学并不极端强调单一目标的最优化和最大化,而是以更高的视角、更广的视域和更长远的思考综合平衡人的幸福、组织的发展与社会公平正义的关系,追求人、组织与社会的可持续健康发展,这是管理活动的根本目的和至善方向,是指导一切管理行为的原则。
当前,中国管理哲学已经涌现了许多研究流派,探索领域包括:中国管理哲学(思想)史、中国管理哲学基本理论、中国管理哲学方法与方法论、中国管理文化、中国管理价值哲学、中国管理艺术等,成中英、苏东水、陈炳富、葛荣晋、李占祥、黎红雷、吴照云、苏勇、齐善鸿、刘敬鲁、周可真、曾仕强等学者都为当代中国管理哲学的奠基与发展进行了艰苦探索,结出了丰硕成果。席酉民、陈春花、杨杜、陈德智等学者的研究具有极强的管理哲学思想和基础,和中国传统文化结合非常密切。
回顾历史,面向未来,新时代的中国管理哲学既要对中国文化和中国哲学进行深入研究和全面梳理,也要对现有管理理论进行系统反思,对实践成果进行深刻提炼,以中国管理哲学之“道”引导管理科学方法之“术”,为管理的工具理性提供价值引领,为创造价值理性与工具理性互融汇通的管理学体系、为建立管理学中国学派提供指导,最终为推动世界管理研究的创新发展,解决世界管理难题,贡献中国方案。
新时代的中国管理哲学既传承发扬中华优秀传统文化,又拥抱西方优秀管理思想,借鉴西方的管理实践,以传承和创新的姿态向内扎根、向外探索:向内,深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化内核,为管理理论与实践确立意义与价值,加快构建中国特色管理学体系;向外,广泛吸收世界一切优秀文明成果,推动世界管理研究创新,探索开拓人类共同发展空间,为解决世界难题贡献中国方案。
第三部分 行动倡议
随着中国经济的迅速发展和中国在世界舞台上影响力的逐步提升,中国的管理实践越来越具有世界意义,快速变化的世界和稳步成长的中国都在呼唤中国管理哲学的繁荣和发展。基于此,《宣言》倡议:
1.让我们积极行动起来,传承中华优秀传统文化中的深邃哲学思想与博大人文精神,以服务管理实践为导向,通过不断的知识创新、理论创新和方法创新,切实推进中国管理哲学的蓬勃发展;
2.让我们自觉肩负起学者的历史使命,以更为宏大、高远和深刻的哲学思考认识管理,追问管理研究与实践的人文价值与社会意义,加强对管理研究与实践的价值引领,为建立管理学中国学派提供指导,加快构建中国特色管理学体系,为解决世界管理难题,贡献中国方案;
3.我们强调管理研究必须回到真实的管理世界、扎根于生动的管理实践,从实践中发现真问题、研究真学问,运用哲学的思维、科学的方法去解释与指导实践,把论文写在祖国大地上;
4.我们的观点并不是每一位管理领域的学者都要进行管理哲学的深入研究,但我们认为,每一位管理研究者都要了解中国传统文化和中国管理哲学,因为它在很大程度上代表了中国管理实践背后的文化逻辑,我们认为,在中国本土进行的管理研究如果回避甚至排斥中国文化,将是不可信的;
5.我们鼓励每一位在管理哲学不同分支中勇敢前行的探索者,我们相互支持、砥砺前行,共同为中国管理哲学发展添砖加瓦,相信大家终究殊途同归。我们本着求同存异的态度,坚决反对囿于门第、流派、方法和工具而固步自封、相互排斥。我们提倡管理研究的多元范式,倡导采用多样化的研究方法,推动形成中国管理研究领域百花齐放、各美其美、美美与共的学术生态;
6.为促进中国管理哲学的发展,对话与讨论至关重要。我们鼓励和提倡理性、深入的对话与学术争鸣,积极推动国内与国际学术界、学者与实践者以及社会各界的交流,通过多层次、多地域、多平台的对话与讨论,不断推进中国管理哲学研究走向深入;
7.中国管理哲学研究成果推广方式包括:以普及中国管理哲学为目标的书籍、讲座、游学;以深入探讨中国管理哲学为目标的工作坊、会议、论坛、期刊;以扩大中国管理哲学公众影响力为目标的报刊、评论、网站、自媒体等。
百年未有之大变局,正呼唤着伟大理论与实践的诞生!天下文明是中华民族的文化理想,天人合一是至高的生命境界,知行合一是中华民族实现人生与社会理想的基本工夫。欲解决中国管理研究存在的问题,可尝试从三个视角入手:一是扎根中国传统哲学,提炼传统哲学要素,即“道理”层面;二是运用管理哲学提取出人、事、物协调与控制的核心范畴,即“学理”层面;三是通过田野调查与历史考据,从传统文化与现代实践中挖掘管理智慧形成操作指导方案,即“术理”层面,让研究成果实现“产学研”全覆盖。
最后,我们呼吁国家有关部门和社会各界为中国管理哲学的繁荣与发展创造良好条件;我们呼吁进行管理学这一与实践密切相关的社会科学研究领域内评价体系的改革,率先破除“四唯”评价模式;我们呼吁国家科研管理机构为中国管理哲学研究提供研究资源和资助机会,如在国家社会科学基金、国家自然科学基金等项目中增加与中国管理哲学相关的方向和代码;我们建议将中国管理哲学的内容纳入管理学领域“马工程”教材体系,因为中国特色社会主义本身是马克思主义中国化的产物。
天行健,君子以自强不息,让我们成为管理世界的积极建设者,真诚地与创造中华民族新文明的广大人民群众在一起,热情拥抱新时代,扎根伟大新实践,在中华文明智慧的引领下,诚意正心,履行当代中国管理学者的历史使命,创造出优秀的理论和实践成果,回馈国家,不负人民!
人类的理性思考就是不断地与现实的经验进行往复循环的相互印证、突破和提升。纵观人类科学的历史,哲学总是为科学提供着价值的理性方向和思维的方法模式。士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远,让我们携起手来,推动中国管理哲学的发展,建立管理学中国学派,为构建体现中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的中国特色管理学而共同努力!
宣言起草人(按姓氏拼音字母排序):程少川、谌飞龙、胡国栋、胡海波、贾利军、 贾旭东、吕力、骆南峰、李培挺、麻白三国、齐善鸿、宋瑞卿、苏勇、孙新波、王宝国、王凤彬、吴通福、徐飞、谢永珍、辛杰、原理、钟尉、周可真、庄育婷
协调、定稿人:吕力
二0二一年十月三十一日
Manifesto of Chinese Management Philosophy
Genuine philosophy is the generator to the spirit of the time, and it is a system compiled of ideology and theory that pays attention to the ultimate problems of mankind. Unlike science, philosophy explores the original concept and fundamental empirical issues, such as purpose, foundation, origin, process, standard, and value. Thus, management philosophy is to answer the fundamental purpose, value, process, and standard in management. The challenges of management science are primarily on philosophy, but it is not achieved in many cases.
“Guanli” in Chinese character and the word “management” in English is not equivalent. Most of the Western terminologiesappeared in China in the late 19th century when East-West culture exchange flourished. We seek understanding in its original contexts; however, the applied subjectivity in its host culture remains unexplored. The power of discourse is unbalanced between the sender (the West) and the receiver (China). How the Chinese discuss its management is mostly ignored or acknowledged under its original (Western) framework. That explains why the Chinese management philosophy is crucial to testify the Western terminology via local practices and emerge new terms accordingly. Every term raises its original meaning and scope of application, and the imported terms wipe out the potential extension of their meaning and scope in a different cultural context.
The Chinese management philosophy governs Chinese management practice grounded on traditional Chinese culture and contemporary management practice. During the great rejuvenation, China intends to improve its governance system to handle the challenges of humanity, such as ecological crisis, disasters, viruses, and species extinction. These challenges are universal, yet trust and cooperation across ethnicities are ineffective and inefficient. The world needs a Chinese solution, besides other excellent practices. The Chinese president Xi Jinping pointed out: “A great proportion of Chinese classics contain philosophy and social sciences knowledge, as well as wisdom in civil governance. Thus, They provide an important foundation for the ancients to understand and transform the world. They enable Chinese civilization and achieve great contributions to the civilization of humankind” (at the 2016 Philosophy and Social Science Colloquium). Management practitioners worldwide are interested in how the Chinese perspective can establish relevant ideological, discipline, academic, and discourse systems.
The Manifesto inherits from history and holds on to the present; it bases on China and refers to other nations. It cares the humankind and looks towards the future. All of the above enable the development of the Chinese management philosophy, leverage academic confidence for better conversation academically with the West, and break the disciplinary boundaries – towards a multiple, inclusive, innovative, and durable academic eco-system. It explores new management research paradigms and theories, promotes better management practices, and contributes to the contemporary development of Chinese philosophy. All the effort aims for a better community of humankind.
Reflection on Management Research
Since the Opening-up Policy, China’s management science has made significant progress. Due to the absence of management philosophy and Chinese management philosophy, it could not avoid following Western-centric academic traditions,including research topics, (theoretical and philosophical) paradigms, and methods.
In reality, people need management research for better management – in value and effectiveness. A good theory is generalizable and predictable; it can forecast the future direction of management practices. China has mega world-class firms already, yet without noble theories. During the last 40 years of economic development, there have been many great experiences for theorization, yet without a local philosophical system to support. Taking the Western-centric approach in Chinese management research is like “putting new wine into old wineskins.” On the other hand, the American-led Western management academic lifts up science, positivistic approach, and theory development with loose contact with practices. Now is time to reflect and to make changes.
A significant amount the management researchers have accepted and gotten used to the positivistic approach methods without reflecting the philosophy of science – including ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Relevant cultural and philosophical considerations are mostly excluded, such as abstract, unmeasurable, and complex concepts. It leads to fragmented and superficial management research at present. A significant amount of work remains: to construct the theoretical foundation, nesting areas of research and less-relevant middle-range theories, and strengthen the connection among management research and its immediate fields, where grand theories such as social functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interactionalism. Therefore, management research could not sustain without management philosophy in history and now.
Philosophy exams human thought and spirituality revealed in reflection, as Socrates commented that life without examination is not worth living. Philosophy gave birth to science, has guided its ideology, values, and directions. In terms of value, human activity is led by value rationality and completed by instrumental rationality. After management science was introduced into China, instrumental rationality overwhelmed value rationality. Management researchers have become aware of the relationships among people, organizations, and the environment, which has become a core concern in management practice. More organizational researches studies minds, emotions, and self-restraint to understand external behavior. Thus, management philosophy is profound to liberate management observation.
Many scholars have been actively seeking solutions to the problems: to emphasize the uniqueness of China’s management practices and to carry out more qualitative research (more grounded theory, case study, QCA, and other field research. However, most of the explorations are still under Western traditions, without closely examining its suitability in the Chinese context regarding methodology, epistemology, ontology, and evaluation system. It neglects authentic theory discovery.
We consider the core of management investigation is people. People are inevitably influenced by their cultural setting; therefore, management is by no means value-free. Management science is positioned as “science and positivism” and lacks value judgment, absent in management education and evaluation system. To retrieve relevant principles and methods from Chinese management philosophy can close the gap.
China is one of the four ancient civilizations. Post1400s, the Western world has experienced a series of changes such as the Renaissance, geographical discovery, religious reform, the scientific revolution, enlightenment, political revolution, and industrial revolution, a brand-new modern civilization appeared. Since World War I & II, China undertook a long journey of self-cultivation and transformation. Now, suffering is over; it comes to a new era. Chinese culture is inclusive and diverse, so is a Chinese management philosophy. Therefore, the establishment, prosperity, and development of Chinese management philosophy are significant for China and the rest of the world.
The Mission
The mission of Chinese management philosophy is to take Xi Jinping’s Thought of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a New Era as the basic guiding thought ,systematically reflecting on its theoretical ground with the Chinese traditional culture; to promote self-confidence in contemporary Chinese management academia; to strengthen the presence of value in management research and practice; to solve “the departure of theory and practice” through a holistic approach to management philosophy; to establish the Chinese school of management; to accelerate the construction of Chinese management system; and finally, to solve world management challenges with Chinese solutions.
China, located in East Asia’s vast land, emerges spectacular culture that nurtures the long-lasting ethnic. Chinese management philosophy originates from the civilization of China through history and its modernization achievements, concerning ultimate questions of humankind and their values and purposes. It is not about singularity or maximization; nevertheless, it takes personal and organizational wellbeing, development, and social justice from a higher and broader perspective, fundamental to management activities.
There are many areas of interest in Chinese management philosophy, including the history of Chinese management philosophy (thought), Theory of Chinese management philosophy, method and methodology, Chinese management culture, Chinese management value philosophy, Chinese management art. Chung-Ying Cheng, Su Dongshui, Chen Bingfu, Ge Rongjin, Li Zhanxiang, Li Honglei, Wu Zhaoyun, Su Yong, Qi Shanhong, Liu Jinglu, Zhou Kezhen, and Ceng Shiqiang have investigated the foundation and development of contemporary Chinese management philosophy with fruitful achievements. The research of Xi Youmin, Chen Chunhua, Yang Du, and Chen Dezhi reflects strong management philosophy thoughts and foundation, engagedChinese traditional culture closely.
Looking backward for the future, Chinese management philosophy in the new era should studies Chinese culture and philosophy in-depth and systematically as to existing management theories and management practices. It applies “Tao 道(the way)” to guide “Shu 术 (techniques/methods), unifies value and instrumental rationalities to establish a Chinese school of management.
Chinese management philosophy inherits and develops Chinese traditional culture, embracing Western management thoughts and practices, looking inward, and exploring outward. Inward it seeks the meanings and value of management theory and practice and accelerates the establishment of the Chinese management framework. Outward, it takes all significant achievements ofdifferent civilizations to expand the scope of world management research from a Chinese perspective.
Action Initiative
The economic and political world is transforming rapidly with a rising China, understanding Chinese management practices have become more meaningful to other ethnicities than ever. The Manifesto thus declares:
1. Let us take actions to inherit the profound philosophical thoughts and broad humanistic spirit in Chinese traditional culture, to service management practices, to develop Chinese management philosophy through innovation in knowledge, theories,and methods;
2. Let us carry on the mission from scholars in history, to understand management from broader, higher, and more in-depth perspectives, to seek the humanistic value and social significance of management research and practice, to strengthen the value dimension, to guide the establishment of the Chinese school of management, to accelerate Chinese management framework establishment, and to contribute Chinese solutions for international management puzzles;
3. We emphasize that management research should return to the real world of management grounding on management practices, to discover real problems, to conduct authentic research, to explain and guide practices combining philosophical logics with scientific methods, and to write papers from the ground;
4. Our point of view is that not every scholar should conceptual research. However, we insist that every Chinese management researcher should reach out to Chinese culture and philosophy to understand the underpinning logics in relevant social phenomena. Studying Chinese management practices without awareness of its culture is untrustworthy.
5. We encourage exploration in different areas of management philosophy. We support each other to move forward to contribute to the Chinese management philosophy, and we believe we will walk together in the end. We resolutely oppose being confined to streams, schools, methods, and tools and complacent and mutually exclusive based on the attitude of seeking common ground while reserving differences. We advocate the pluralistic management research paradigms and methods and promote an academic eco-system in which majorities and minorities in management speak equally, respecting the uniqueness of different cultures and individuals.
6. To promote Chinese management philosophy, conversations are crucial. We encourage and advocate rational and in-depth conversations and academic contention, actively promote multi-level, multi-regional, and multi-platform dialogues and discussions among domestic and international academia, scholars and practitioners, and all sectors in the society to push Chinese management philosophy forward;
7. The promotion channels of Chinese management philosophy include books, lectures, and study tours to advocate Chinese management philosophy; workshops, conferences, forums, and periodicals aiming at in-depth discussions of Chinese management philosophy; Newspapers, reviews, websites, independent media aiming at expanding the public influence of Chinese management philosophy.
The world is under a great transition, awaiting great theories and practices. The Chinese nation embraces the world civilization, seeking the unity of heaven and man, and knowing and doing. To solve the Chinese management puzzles takes three approaches: firstly, to ground in traditional Chinese philosophy, and densify philosophical elements, that is, the “way of Tao”; secondly, to extract the core categories in the coordination and control of people, events and items, that is, the “way of knowledge”; thirdly, to conduct field investigations and historiography, to excavate wisdom from traditional culture and modern practices, that is, the “way of techniques.” Thus will leverage the triple helix of industry, education, and research.
In the end, we call for relevant government departments and all sectors in the society to work for the prosperity and development of Chinese management philosophy; We call for an evaluation system reform in Chinese management, which is closely related to research activities, and take the lead in breaking the current “four-only” evaluation model; We call on national scientific research management institutions to provide research resources and funding opportunities for Chinese management philosophy research, such as adding directories and codes related to Chinese management philosophy to fundings such as National Social Science Fund and National Natural Science Fund; We suggest that Chinese management philosophy should be included in the “Maxisim project of textbook series” under the management directory because Chinese featured socialism is part of Marxism in China.
As heaven walks strong, so gentlemen should constantly strive for self-improvement. Let us become proactive constructors to the world of management to bound closely with the local people, to embrace the new era, to take root in great new practices, to fulfill the mission of contemporary Chinese management scholars sincerely, and to achieve well-accepted theories and practices for the people and the nation!
The rationality of humankind is to confirm, break and improve each practical experience constantly. Philosophy supplies value and ways of thinking to scientific research. Scholars must be resolute and take responsibility. Let us join in hands to promote Chinese management philosophy, to establish a Chinese school of management!
Drafting of the Manifesto (sorted by alphabetic order of surnames): Cheng Shaochuan, Chen Feilong, Hu Guodong, Hu Haibo, Jia Lijun, Jia Xudong, Lv Li, Luo Nanfeng, Li Peiting, Mabai Sanguo, Qi Shanhong, Song Ruiqing, Su Yong, Sun Xinbo, Wang Baoguo, Wang Fengbin, Wu Tongfu, Xu Fei, Xie Yongzhen, Xin Jie, Yuan Li, Zhong Wei, Zhou Kezhen, Zhuang Yuting
Coordinated and finalized by Lv Li
Translated by Zhuang Yuting
October 31, 2021
This Manifesto is released at the 25th World’s Management Forum & Oriental Management Forum hosted by the School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, on October 31, 2021.